______ needs tend to take on higher importance in collectivist societies. Because meeting these needs provides satisfaction, they motivate workers. Maslow condensed human needs into a manageable set. Herzbergs theory has made lasting contributions to organizational research and managerial practice. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. But he also believes that each need can be taught, especially nAch. action therapy h. Therapy style that results from combining elements of several different therapy techniques. c) hygiene factors involve the work setting or the environment in which people work. d) Felt positive inequity a) hygiene factors are associated with the job context or work setting. The need for achievement varies in intensity across individuals. Since content theories suggest that motivation results from individual needs, managers should __________. Management by objectives is criticized for placing too much emphasis on goal-oriented rewards and punishments, top-down goals, goals that are easily stated in objective terms, and individual instead of group goals. Dec 12, 2022 OpenStax. Which theory is based on the phenomenon of social comparison which states that people will act to eliminate any perceived inequity in the rewards they receive for their work in comparison with the rewards that others receive? Motivators relate to job content. Herzbergs theory even allows for the possibility that an employee can be satisfied and dissatisfied at the same timethe I love my job but I hate the pay situation! d.) Goal setting Where would you place that on Maslows hierarchy of needs? The unconscious is extremely difficult to study. This doesnt mean that they avoid other people, or that they dislike others. c) affiliation If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, a) Acquired needs theory There are not enough workers who feel personal satisfaction for having the cleanest floors in a building. You probably know a few of them. Both equity theory and expectancy theory are classified as process theories. Job enrichment programs are among the many direct results of his research. a.) e) group instead of individual goals. Question 1 All of the following are criticisms of Freud's theory EXCEPT: Answers: Selected Answer: c. He relied on correlational methods. One of your authors has a father-in-law who would much rather spend his weekends digging holes (for various home projects) than going fishing. c) hygiene factors involve the work setting or the environment in which people work. c) Expectancy According to Suppes, all of the following are functions of theory except a. organizing specific data. b) Equity (Credit: Stefan Chow/ flickr/ Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)), https://openstax.org/books/principles-management/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/principles-management/pages/14-2-content-theories-of-motivation, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Maslow went on to propose five basic types of human needs. insight therapies a. The person may not have had the opportunity to express the need. Two features of needs are key to understanding motivation. As with nAch, nAff varies in intensity across individuals. Such actions enhance intrinsic rewards. If the MARR is 20%, which pump should be selected? OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. c) supervision. Sustainability should be visible both within and outside the company. This need is the second of McClellands learned needs. Those are the needs at the bottom of the pyramid (physiological, safety, and security). Describe a content theory of motivation. b.) Match leadership to the conditions at hand. The theory posits that to maximize employee motivation, employers must try to guide workers to the upper parts of the hierarchy. An invoice of $3168 from Scottish Importers has cash terms of 4/20 EOM and is dated June 5. The theory of evolution is one of the fundamental keystones of modern biological theory.. As a result, they perform better in jobs that require teamwork. b) only two needs may be activated at the same time d) Self-actualization Why or why not? b.) Match each vocabulary term to its definition. To master or make up for a failure by restriving. Sustainability should be tied to a higher purpose and foster a sense of unity not simply among employees, but even with competition at a societal level (Knowledge @ Wharton 2016). c.) Teachable e) Esteem, relationships, and growth. To give sympathy and gratify the needs of a helpless object: an infant or any object that is weak, disabled, tired, inexperienced, infirm, defeated, humiliated, lonely, dejected, sick, or mentally confused. Do we need to talk or be silent? McClelland describes three major characteristics of high-nAch people: Why is nAch important to organizational behavior? c) Social, esteem, self-actualization, physiological, and safety Skills-based math and English classes help develop reasoning skills, while textbook exercises ensure long-term mastery of each. c) affiliation c) Cells share similar chemical composition. Considerable numbers of studies have demonstrated that tasks are intrinsically motivating when they satisfy at least one of three higher-order needs: competence, autonomy, and relatedness. e) improving hygiene factors will make people satisfied with their work. A common perception about people who perform unskilled jobs is that they are unmotivated and content doing what they are doing. c) Esteem d) Hygiene factors contribute to job satisfaction. b) Motivation = expectancy X equity X rewards e) Frederick Herzberg. Jason Mackenzie Alexander argues morality is a form of social technology - it is context specific and it can go out-of-date e.) growth, The ERG theory contends that __________. Watson's carative factors include all the following, EXCEPT: A. Other people have lower affiliation needs. a) not possible to teach people to develop need profiles required for success in different jobs c) an individual's choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives evolution, theory in biology postulating that the various types of plants, animals, and other living things on Earth have their origin in other preexisting types and that the distinguishable differences are due to modifications in successive generations. It is critical, however, that those managerial jobs allow the employee to satisfy the nPow through social power acquisition. esteem, social, and But what if Lucretia also has a need to dominate others? Some jobs are by their very nature uninteresting and unlikely to be made interesting. c) Higher-order needs become more important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. c. contingency. a. A need is a human condition that becomes "energized" when people feel deficient in some respect. c) Two-factor theory d) Motivation-hygiene theory According to the two-factor theory of motivation, all of the following are sources of job dissatisfaction EXCEPT: The second component, frustration, occurs when we attempt but fail to satisfy a particular need. Drugs that lower anxiety and reduce stress. d) 28 Four componentssatisfaction progression, frustration, frustration regression, and aspirationare key to understanding Alderfers ERG theory. Our needs for food and water are instinctive. SDT specifies when an activity will be intrinsically motivating and when it will not. d) The theory links motivation and needs to both satisfaction and performance. b. providing a value system. McClellands research is important because much of current thinking about organizational behavior is based on it. According to self-determination theory, skilled workers who are given a chance to hone their skills and the freedom to practice their craft will be intrinsically motivated. According to Orem each of the four constituent theories within the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory include all of the following,EXCEPT: ( Multiple Choice) Question 9. content theories include all of the following theories except: gaisano grand mall mission and visionjuin 29, 2022 There are four major ethical theories: deontology (or duty), utilitarianism, rights, and virtue. To avoid pain, physical injury, illness, and death. a) pay b) Physiological Other companies have made social responsibility an everyday part of what they do. You may have noticed that content theories are somewhat quiet about what determines the intensity of motivation. According to Maslow, lower-level needs must be satisfied before high-level needs can be achieved. As shown in Exhibit 14.7, the ERG model addresses the same needs as those identified in Maslows work: Exhibit 14.8 identifies a number of ways in which organizations can help their members satisfy these three needs. The cell membrane is composed. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . Bitcoin or net neutrality, sea levels or factory farmingsocial causes bind us to a larger context or assume a higher purpose for living better. b) Cells pass on genetic material to daughter cells during cell division. Content theories are also sometimes called needs theories. a) Safety 3. b) Higher-order needs become less important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. b) Hierarchy of needs theory Needs must be maintained (we must continue to eat occasionally). e) Maslow's hierarchy of needs. In the context of motivation, level refers to __________. Which of the following statements about goal setting is INCORRECT? a) goal-oriented rewards. Which of the following reflects concerns with expectancy theory? In this case, Alderfers third component, frustration regression, can cause us to shift our attention to a previously satisfied, more concrete, and verifiable need. Maintaining good relationships with their coworkers is important to them, so they go to great lengths to make the work group succeed because they fear rejection. These factors are so frequently associated with dissatisfaction that Herzberg claims they never really provide satisfaction. __________ is the process of developing, negotiating, and formalizing the targets or objectives that a person is responsible for accomplishing. a) Specific goals are more likely to lead to higher performance than are no goals or vague or very general ones. b) difficult goals frustrate workers The individual level does not impact the group level. They should then address the much more powerful motivator needs, in which workers experience recognition, responsibility, achievement, and growth. b) instrumentalities An example of commutative justice occurs when all parties in a sexual harassment complaint perceive themselves as having full access to all the available facts and information. c) leaving the situation. Effective managers carefully assess the degree to which people have high or low nAff. d) Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization c) Do your best safety. Again, there are no easy answers. b) instrumentality is high and expectancy and valence are low The theory of multiple intelligences, developed by Howard Gardner, posits that humans can possess eight different types of intelligence: musical-rhythmic, visual-spatial, verbal-linguistic, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic. e) inducements, According to expectancy theory, managers can influence workers' __________ by selecting people with proper abilities, training them well, providing them the needed resources, and identifying clear performance goals. a) What may seem fair and equitable to a team leader might be perceived as unfair and inequitable by a team member after comparisons are made with other team members. According to McClelland, Joanna has a high need for _____________. Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. Question 13 0 / 1 pts Content theories tend to: None of these Type: MC You Answered emphasize whether persistence will prevail provide a reasonable balance of direction and intensity focus on the intensity portion of motivation Correct Answer emphasize the direction component of motivation This book uses the According to Maslow, when lower-level needs are reactivated, we once again concentrate on that need. b) instrumentalities d) an employee's responsibility to request that their managers develop need profiles required for success in different jobs The resulting frustration may make satisfying the unmet need even more important to usunless we repeatedly fail to satisfy that need. e.) Inducement. When we sense that we are valuable contributors, are achieving something important, or are getting better at some skill, we like this feeling and strive to maintain it. Do you study at Liberty University? e) Less difficult goals are more likely to lead to higher performance than are more difficult goals. d. Ken Wilbur. The general strategy for the practical application of situational theories includes all of the following except? b. Adherence and familiarity with only one theory. c) achievement. Therapy in which the goal is to help clients overcome problems by learning to think more rationally and logically. a) reducing work inputs. d) psychologically distorting the comparisons. b) Hygiene factors refer to job content. d) The presence of motivator factors in a job contributes to a person's job performance. A. Florence Nightingale's Environment Theory . Which of the following content theories of motivation is associated with the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power? Further, evidence in support of the three need categories and their order tends to be stronger than evidence for Maslows five need categories and their relative order. That is, we lose interest in the higher-level needs when lower-order needs are energized. The uncollectible percentage is 5.5%. The StackCommerce 2023 Travel Giveaway (the "Promotion") begins at 12:00:00 AM Pacific Time ("PT") on March 1st, 2023 and ends at 11:59:00 PM PT on March 31st, 2023 (the "Promotion Period"). b) satisfier factors An employee who is often talkative, gives orders, and argues a lot is motivated by the need for power over others. token economy i. Organizational behavior researchers often classify motivation in terms of what stimulates it. d) Safety a) People with a high need for achievement prefer individual responsibilities, challenging goals, and performance feedback. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. b) the amount of effort a person puts forth. Which of the following theory has used "General Systems Theory" as a framework for its development? In response, the two entrepreneurs launched a line of socks that not only reinvents the sock (they claim), but also helps those in need. Content theories of work motivation include all of the following except the _____ theory. Once satisfied, employees will be motivated to build esteem and respect through their work achievements. c) the satisfaction of a need at one level will always decrease its importance and increase the importance of the next lower need. Term. a) existence factors abeka curriculum controversy. then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, The theories presented in this section focus on the importance of human needs. They feel personally responsible for completing whatever tasks they are assigned. d) working conditions. (Credit: Patrick Cashin/ flickr/ Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)), Corporate Social Responsibility as a Motivating Force, (Credit: Adrenalin Tim /flickr/ Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)), (Attribution: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC-BY 4.0 license), Satisfying Existence, Relatedness, and Growth Needs, Jamie Dimon, CEO at JP Morgan Chase, is reported to make $27 million dollars per year, and as CEO has an interesting and intrinsically rewarding job. SDT theory has interesting implications for the management of organizational behavior. According to Maslow, lower-order needs are: b) It fails to help explain any cross-cultural management situations. High-nAch people are not motivated by tasks that are too easy or extremely difficult. This makes nAch a personality trait as well as a statement about motivation. c) Hygiene factors do not prevent job dissatisfaction from occurring. We will always satisfy our need for water before we satisfy our social needs; water needs have prepotency over social needs. 67. are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written c) Motivator factors involve what people actually do in their jobs. Equity The genetic theory of aging states that lifespan is largely determined by the genes we inherit. Designing jobs that are neither too challenging nor too boring is key to managing motivation. The Promotion contains a game of chance . Henry A. Murray recognized this problem and condensed the list into a few instinctive and learned needs.3 Instincts, which Murray called primary needs, include physiological needs for food, water, sex (procreation), urination, and so on. To separate oneself from a negatively valued object. 58. 59. Pump I is a small pump; Pump 2 is a larger pump that costs more, will produce slightly more oil, and will produce it more rapidly. b) Social Which statement about acquired needs theory is correct? b) Equity d) working conditions. Earrings Depot records bad debt using the allowance, balance sheet method. e) The absence of motivator factors causes job dissatisfaction. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. AC78.6 ac midterm examinations theories. A reclusive accountant may not have been given the opportunity to demonstrate their need for achievement because they never received challenging assignments. Content theories of motivation mainly focus on the physiological and psychological deficiencies that people feel a compulsion to reduce or eliminate. c) Self-actualization Vroom's expectancy theory argues that work motivation is determined by an individual's beliefs regarding the linkage between effort and performance, the linkage between performance and work outcomes, and the value placed on those work outcomes. Which of the following is the correct order of Maslow's needs from the lowest (lower-order need) to the highest (higher-order need)? c) ERG theory contends that more than one need may be activated at a particular point in time, whereas Maslow's theory does not. Individual therapy meets the standard of best practices when it includes all of the following EXCEPT. Creative Commons Attribution License Developing and sustaining a helping-trusting, authentic caring relationship Creative use of self and all ways of knowing as part of the caring process to engage in artistry of caring-healing practices Practice of loving kindness and equanimity (self-control/composure) within context of caring consciousness One wonders if athletes like Tim Tebow are self-actualizing when they participate in multiple sporting endeavors at the professional level. Joanna likes attention and is driven by seeking influence over others. a) Abraham Maslow Accounting and Finance Political Theory (PLH-1) Criminal Law - II (0303) Masters of Business Administration export import (1723) Bsc Nursing (BNurs2011) Bachelors of Business Administration in Finance & Investment Analysis (BBA1) MBA (33A) Contract (140) MBA (CRIM) Bachler of art (eli) English (BCA302) Mechanical Engineering (BE MECH) Trending d. through the insights of clinicians d Transpersonal psychology's founders include all of the following except: a. Abraham Maslow b. John Krumboltz c. Stanislav Grof. ( True False) Question 10. e) subconscious goals and conscious goals are not linked, a) difficult goals lead to higher performance than "do your best" or easy goals, ________ conducted research on subconscious goal motivation. c) Motivation = expectancy + equity + rewards Multiple Choice Equity theory McClelland's acquired needs theory Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory Herzberg's two-factor theory Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory Expert Answer 100% (4 ratings) Apparently, people dont go through the five levels in a fixed fashion. b) improved working conditions Skip to document . Employees who continuously have to be told how to do their jobs require an overly large management team, and too many layers of management spell trouble in the current marketplace. individual. d) People with a high need for achievement will also have a high need for affiliation. individual. That means that the employer should help employees satisfy lower-order needs like safety and security and social needs. Whatever their perspective, most people have a cause that they are passionate about. To overcome opposition forcefully. e) Motivation = expectancy + rewards + valence, a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence, The expectancy theory of motivation predicts that a person will be motivated to work hard when __________. e) ERG theory, 65. The Victims' Rights Movement. The answer is, the success of many organizations is dependent on the nAch levels of their employees.6 This is especially true for jobs that require self-motivation and managing others. c) Existence, relatedness, and growth Learned needs, which Murray called secondary needs, are learned throughout ones life and are basically psychological in nature. To accept injury, blame, criticism, punishment. Webinars can also be accessed in recorded form at any time 24/7 during the 6-week session. e) It is not commonly used outside of the United States. a) opportunity for advancement. In McClelland's motivation theory, the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power are developed over time, as a result of life experiences. In fact, around the 1920s, some 6,000 human needs had been identified by behavioral scientists! In contrast, if high-nAff people perform jobs in isolation from other people, they will be less motivated to perform well. Motivator factors involve our long-term need to pursue psychological growth (much like Maslows esteem and self-actualization needs). Orem believes there are two types of human beings: those who need nursing care and those who produce it. Rather than schedule these inspections during regular hours, they consulted with the maintenance workers, who suggested doing the inspections while sections of the subway were closed to trains for seven consecutive hours. Lucretias chattiness probably indicates her need for affiliation. Maslow believed that most people become fixated at this level. To put things in order. [3] [page needed] Stage theories [ edit] Strengthening flexible lines of defense According to Rogers' theory "continuous and mutual interaction between man and environment' is termed as: Integrality Which is NOT a concept related to Faye Abdellah's theory? SDT would suggest that the primary way to motivate high performance for such jobs is to make performance contingent on extrinsic rewards. c. mainly by accident. are licensed under a, Major Characteristics of the Manager's Job, How the Brain Processes Information to Make Decisions: Reflective and Reactive Systems, Administrative and Bureaucratic Management, External and Internal Organizational Environments and Corporate Culture, The Internal Organization and External Environments, Organizing for Change in the 21st Century, Ethics, Corporate Responsibility, and Sustainability, Dimensions of Ethics: The Individual Level, Ethical Principles and Responsible Decision-Making, Leadership: Ethics at the Organizational Level, Ethics, Corporate Culture, and Compliance, Emerging Trends in Ethics, CSR, and Compliance, Cultural Stereotyping and Social Institutions, Characteristics of Successful Entrepreneurs, Trends in Entrepreneurship and Small-Business Ownership, Strategic Analysis: Understanding a Firms Competitive Environment, Gaining Advantages by Understanding the Competitive Environment, A Firm's External Macro Environment: PESTEL, A Firm's Micro Environment: Porter's Five Forces, Competition, Strategy, and Competitive Advantage, The Strategic Management Process: Achieving and Sustaining Competitive Advantage, The Role of Strategic Analysis in Formulating a Strategy, Strategic Objectives and Levels of Strategy, Planning Firm Actions to Implement Strategies, Measuring and Evaluating Strategic Performance, An Introduction to Human Resource Management, Influencing Employee Performance and Motivation, Talent Development and Succession Planning, Benefits and Challenges of Workplace Diversity, Situational (Contingency) Approaches to Leadership, Substitutes for and Neutralizers of Leadership, Transformational, Visionary, and Charismatic Leadership, Opportunities and Challenges to Team Building, Factors Affecting Communications and the Roles of Managers, Managerial Communication and Corporate Reputation, The Major Channels of Management Communication Are Talking, Listening, Reading, and Writing, Formal Organizational Planning in Practice, Management by Objectives: A Planning and Control Technique, The Control- and Involvement-Oriented Approaches to Planning and Controlling, MTIIts Importance Now and In the Future, External Sources of Technology and Innovation, Internal Sources of Technology and Innovation, Management Entrepreneurship Skills for Technology and Innovation, Managing Now for Future Technology and Innovation, The New York City Metropolitan Transit Authority undertook a new approach to how they perform critical inspection and maintenance of subway components that are necessary to providing reliable service.
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